Merry King Essay -- Globalization, Competition, Software Development

In today's commercial market environment, competition and globalization has increased dramatically. The excessive cost arising from inefficient processes and operation have been considered to be the major causes of losses to the organizations over the past several years. Several organizations, particularly larger companies, recognize the need to hedge and manage against undesired risks. Software development is presently one of the most common risk issues. Adler et.al., (1998) reveal that the software development project includes risk events that can cause damage to improving processes. Moreover, it would be an error of judgment to overlook the significant risk areas of the project as this will impair decision quality and impact massive product changes. Raz et.al., (2002) describe project risks as adverse events that can cause delays, surplus expenditure and dissatisfaction with the project outcome. Apart from this, each project varies in size, duration, uncertainty, complexity, objectives, limitations and others. In an effort to enhance the quality of procedure and minimize the risk profile, better execution and implementation will also reduce undesired performance. Adler et.al., (1998) note that there is a tendency to claim that Cleanroom approach would be more appropriate to improve the overall trustworthiness and quality assurance issues. This essay will first describe how the effects of software risks have a direct impact on day-to-day business activities. It will then define how software risk management plays an important role in coping with the project risks. In the second section, it will introduce two software risk management models namely the Software Risk Evaluation model (SRE) and Cleanroom Softw... ...able for software engineers to monitor quality control that can be scientifically verified in a formal statistical diagram. In a study, Raz et.al., (2002) point out that there is a continuing requirement for an adaptation from the different risk management techniques to the different kind of projects and the improvement of the specific devices to mitigate risk from several different type of projects. In essence, it could be said that many organizations increasingly recognize the importance of software risk management to ensure accessibility of the overall information of the project risks. What is more, Ward (2005) concludes that a company which constantly develops risk management tends to gain a competitive advantage, and it appears probable that a well-defined software risk management practice can assist to increase the company's competitive advantages as well.

Cesare Beccaria & Punishment Essay

Cesare Beccaria was an Italian jurist, enlightenment thinker, and philosopher. In 1794, he wrote On Crimes and Punishment. In this book, he talked against torture and the death penalty, but he was most famous for laying a foundation of penology, which deals with the repression of criminal activities and punishment of crimes committed. Beccaria was most famous for declaring that â€Å"a punishment should fit the crime.† He meant several things by this, but most importantly was his two main points. This first way he said that the punishment should fit the crime is that the severity of punishment should parallel the severity of harm resulting from the crime. This did not mean that if someone was a murderer, that they should be put to death. Beccaria publicly condemned the death penalty because he said that the state does not possess the right to take lives, and that it is not a very useful form of punishment. He stood for a more deterrent function of the penal system. When he sai d it must match the damages of the offense and parallel the harm of the crime, he was more referring along the lines of punishment and incarceration. His second point was that the punishment should be severe enough to outweigh the pleasure of committing the crime. For example, someone might look at sexual assault as pleasurable, therefore the punishment needs to be severe enough for that person to think, â€Å"Wow, the punishment is harsh, it’s not worth committing this crime.† If this wasn’t the case, a rational person would weigh the gain with the consequence, and determine that the crime is worth committing because if that’s only my punishment, then why not. People speed because speeding tickets are simply fines, if you were to be booked and incarcerated, I’m sure people would speed less. Not saying that this is how it should be, it’s just the most blatant example. The problem with this second point is that it only applies to rational thinking people, and it doesn’t really apply at all to a violent criminal with a psychological imbalance and is mentally handicapped who doesn†™t think things through before they do them. Luckily, this is why we, in the United States, have trials; because Beccaria’s theory, all though it does make sense, cannot apply to every single criminal and will not deter every type of crime or offender. This makes one think on how our current laws and punishments line up with the theory of Beccaria.; especially in the terms of drug laws. 55% of criminals in federal prisons and 20% in state are all from drug related crimes. This is an extremely high number of people for a simply, usually victimless offense. If the offender’s only damage done is to him or herself, then is it completely necessary that the county spends on average, $28,000 a year per criminal in the system? At what point do we draw the line and see that privatization of prisons is making people rich because we’re putting far too many criminals in prisons as opposed to other forms of punishment. Would it not make more sense for a commiter of a victimless crime be sentenced to something like parole or house arrest where the only person they’re responsible for is themselves, and they can carry on their every day life instead of being exposed to more hardened criminals and having to conform to prison society? This leads one to question numerous things such as the effectiveness of punishments like the death penalty along with the effectiveness of other forms of punishment and say â€Å"do these really match the crime applied to them?† Intro. to Criminal Justice 5th edition, Bohm/Haley http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Crimes_and_Punishments#cite_ref-2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penology

Essay on The Columbine Massacre and Increase Regulations...

The day of the Columbine Massacre is a day that will forever burn a hole in America’s heart. The nation was shocked at the news that on April 20, 1999, high school seniors Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris went on a precisely planned shooting rampage at their school, Columbine High School. This event killed a total of thirteen individuals, including twelve students and one highly heroic teacher, and wounded many. The reportedly troubled boys had often accused others of having bullied them, which raised the question of how apparent the warning signs were of their rampage. Because this incident was one of the first known school shootings throughout the nation, many of its specific details were taken into account to help protect schools all†¦show more content†¦Around roughly 11:14, the boys entered the school carrying two twenty pound propane bombs and headed toward the cafeteria to plant the bombs, set for explosion at 11:17 am . They returned back to their cars after planting the bombs awaiting the explosions to shoot any students trying to escape. On their way back to their car, a classmate by the name of Brooks Brown approached Harris and asked him why he had missed a test in the earlier class. Brown recalls Harris telling him â€Å"It doesn’t matter anymore. Brooks, I like you now. Get out of here. Go home.† The boys then reached at their cars and waited for the bombs to explode. After noticing that they had failed to go off, Klebold, who was armed with a 9-mm semi-automatic handgun and a 12-gauge double-barrel sawed-off shotgun, Harris, armed with a 9-mm carbine rifle and a 12-gauge pump sawed-off shotgun, and both with numerous knifes and bombs , chose to walk toward the school, hiding their weapons in their black trench coats. Harris and Klebold fired their first shots outside the West Entrance near the library. Seventeen year old Rachel Scott was killed almost instantly, and Richard Castaldo was injured with shots in the arm, chest, abdomen, and back . The two proceeded to the cafeteria, shooting and wounding Sean Graves, Lance Kirklin, and Daniel Rohrbough. Harris and Klebold then turned around and began to shoot at five students eating in the grass. Four of the students were able to escape, withShow MoreRelatedGun Control1403 Words   |  6 PagesAmendment, the definition of â€Å"militia† as any adult male, self-defense, the relative uselessness of permits and regulations, and court cases in favor of firearm possession. Pro-gun control activists argue using the survival of the 2nd Amendment, the traditional definition of â€Å"militia† as a government-authorized army, the multitude of gun-related deaths, the need for stronger regulations, and the example England has set with their ba n of handguns. Opponents of gun control legislation often cite theRead MoreViolent Video Games And Television1485 Words   |  6 Pages 1999, two senior students plotted a school shooting, sadly managing to kill 12 students and one teacher, along with several other major injuries. Knowing they would soon be caught, the two perpetrators committed suicide. This was the Columbine High School massacre. Although their motives were unclear, investigators concluded that the shooters conspired to â€Å"compete† against other mass shootings in the ‘90s, stating that they were homicidal psychopaths. The shooting was known as the deadliest schoolRead MoreCommon Belief Of Video Game Violence1418 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review Common Belief of Video Game Violence Ever since the Columbine High School shooting in 1999 and the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012 (and many other incidents), there has been a belief among many people that playing violent video games causes children to commit violent crimes. These societal beliefs fall into the â€Å"moral panic† category where society believes that behavioral choices of others within a society poses a great risk to a society as a whole (Ferguson, 2008)Read MoreShould Gun Control Be Stricter Gun Laws? Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pagesgun control takes away their second amendment right it actually increases every citizen’s safety by the use of extensive background checking, checking medical records, and restricting gun distributors. On a Tuesday in 1999, two armed teenagers, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, entered their high-school and began shooting classmates. They shot and killed 13 and injured 21 before taking their own lives. The Columbine High School massacre made history. They acquired their guns by purchasing them fromRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Society961 Words   |  4 Pagesof Children, Cinema and Censorship : From Dracula to the Dead End Kids, claims that comic books, rock music, computers and video games, all have been cited as threats to children’s safety, health, morality, and literacy, and have been blamed for increases in juvenile delinquency (Smith 2). Because of these groups video games have developed a negative stigma in today s society that scapegoats them as the reason behind acts of violence and tragedy as well as antisocial tendencies among young adultsRead MoreKeeping Guns Out of the Hands of the Irresponsible1790 Words   |  7 PagesConcerns for Physicians and Me ntal Health Professionals.† Mayo Clinic for Medical Education and Research. Nov 2013, 88 (11) 1272-1283. Print. 31 Mar 2013 This is an article in which the Mayo Clinic compiles research on the shooters involved in the massacres. The Mayo Clinic shows that there are loopholes in the current laws by stating, â€Å"Not all gun sales are required to be submitted to the NICS† (The National Instant Criminal Background Check System) (1274). Individuals can sell to individuals or unlicensedRead MoreThe Topic On Stricter Gun Control Laws2222 Words   |  9 PagesThe topic on stricter gun control laws have been a debate for a while now. America has been faced with multiple series of attacks in recent years. In 1998, at Columbine High School 12 students and a faculty member were murdered, then again in 2007 students and faculty members at Virginia Tech lost their lives from a senseless act. This sort of tragedy keeps repeating itself when in 2012 a shooter killed 20 first-grade students and six adults at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, ConnecticutRead MoreGun Control and Mass Shootings1442 Words à ‚  |  6 Pagessecond-deadliest mass shooting by a single person in U.S. history, after the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre. This shooting yet again assured the nation that gun violence is still as big of a problem as it was back in the late 90’s when 27 teenagers got killed in another mass killing in Columbine, Colorado. We as a nation must stand up and oppose mass murdering because these actions are not only unjust but inhuman as well.   The increase in gun violence can be decreased by, identifying the regions in the country whereRead MoreGuns in Schools2018 Words   |  9 PagesGuns in Schools With the number of mass school shootings and incidents of violence in schools that have been reported since April 20, 1999; the public is crying out for stricter laws to help protect our children. In direct response to the Columbine High School shooting, schools across the country adopted a variety of â€Å"safety† measures that included mandatory uniforms to prevent the wearing of gang colors and allowing faculty to more readily identify intruders, installation of metalRead MoreHistorical Lack Of Gun Control2184 Words   |  9 PagesThis decision was quickly ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, which set a judicial precedent for a lack of government interference in the regulation of firearms (Longley). The long historical lack of gun control measures by the United States encouraged a large economy and manufacturing of weaponry in the United States. Lack of firearm regulation and increased weaponry production led the United States to become number one in the wo rld in most guns per capita, averaging about 88.8 guns for every