Graphene

Graphene There have been many exciting advancements in the field of materials science in the past quarter century. Perhaps none has generated the enthusiasm and excitement as the substance known as Graphene. This substance is pure carbon in the form of sheets one atom thick. Graphene is estimated to be 200 times stronger than steel, is as flexible as rubber, and conducts heat and electricity extremely efficiently. Further, because it is only an atom thick, it is nearly two-dimensional, imbuing it with many interesting light-related, and water-related properties.Graphene is not a naturally occurring substance. Even though it had been theorized by physicists since the 1960s, it was only produced for the first time in 2004. Back then, production methods made Graphene usage prohibitively expensive; however, over the past decade, academics and corporate researchers have made great strides in reducing production costs. And as those costs drop further with each passing year, Graphene is poised to re volutionize the fields of medicine, electronics, computing, and more. © Shutterstock.com | Anna KireievaIn this article we will look at 1) overview of materials and RD, 2) discovery of Graphene, 3) properties of Graphene, 4) benefits of Graphene, 5) Graphene production, 6) commercial usage of Graphene, and 7) current potential applications of Graphene.OVERVIEW OF MATERIALS AND RDWhile Graphene may have garnered considerable public interest, it remains to be seen exactly how much impact it will have. And each day, physicists and chemists are delving deeper into the physical world, learning more and more about the building blocks of our world and how they may be harnessed to build new things.Notable developments and trendsShortly after Graphene’s discovery in 2004, the editorial team at Materials Today compiled a list of the top 10 breakthroughs in materials science in the past 50 years. Graphene was notably absent from the list, but present were some of the biggest areas of discovery and commercial interest, including:Carbon fiber reinforced plastic s â€" used in racecars, and bikes, among other applications;Materials for Li ion batteries â€" used in laptops and cellphones;Carbon nanotubes â€" few commercial applications currently, but these will likely play a central role in emerging nanotechnologies;Metamaterials â€" recent experiments involving these resulted in a prototype invisibility cloak.By 2013, however, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers noted Graphene production as number one of their top five trends in mechanical engineering, along with:Electric ink, which would allow people to “write” their own circuit boards;Multi-ferroics, which could significantly enhance data storage;Nano anodes, which could create rapidly rechargeable batteries; andNanotube threads, which could be used to eventually build a space elevator.Key players in materials RDBecause of their various applications, research in materials science is performed and funded by a diverse group of players. Many governments allocate research funding for innovations that have the potential to have tangible economic impact. Militaries have interests in many of these discoveries; for example, the U.S. Army has provided funding for the metamaterials experiments surrounding the invisibility cloak. Academics often lead the way in research, with breakthroughs often resulting from teams for researchers from disparate universities. Outside of governments, militaries, and institutions of higher education, much direct investment in materials science research comes from corporations.DISCOVERY OF GRAPHENEGraphene existed in theory in 1962, when chemist Hanns-Peter Boehm described it in a paper published in the Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry. But in 2003, Russian physicist Andre Geim, then studying at the University of Manchester, set about to produce it. He used scotch tape to pull up progressively thinner layers of graphite, and then dissolved the tape, which eventually left him with the first instances of Graphene. In 2004, Ge im and his research colleague Kostantin Novoselov, published an academic paper on the discovery, which has since become one of the most widely cited papers in the field of physics. For this work, he and Novoselov received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010.Graphene 200 times stronger than steel PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENEGraphene is a hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms bonded tightly together. Its sp2 hybridisation â€" a double bond between the carbon atoms, coupled with its especially thin atomic thickness, fuel its special properties. Its ability to conduct electricity and heat so effectively are believed to be a function of the carbon bonds being very small and strong. Being composed of singular carbon atoms, Graphene is also so thin as to be effectively two-dimensional, in addition to being extremely light weight. © Flickr | CORE-MaterialsBENEFITS OF GRAPHENEGraphene’s benefits are closely tied to its properties, which make it tremendously attractive as a raw material for the production of a wide variety of commercial goods. In short, Graphene’s major benefits are that it is highly conductive 200 times more conductive than silicon, and conducts heat very efficiently as well; thin â€" enough to be considered a 2D material; transparent; strong â€" approximately 200 times stronger than steel; light-weight; and flexible, while maintaining its strength and conductivity.What is Graphene[slideshare id=13776961doc=graphene-120727094303-phpapp01w=640h=330]GRAPHENE PRODUCTIONAs of 2014, Graphene is still a fairly expensive material to produce, though innovations in the production process have already reduced its price per cm. There are two main methods for producing Graphene: exfoliation and epitaxy.ExfoliationThe academic and commercial use of exfoliation, known as mechanical exfoliation, to prod uce Graphene is a refinement of the process Geim and Novoselov used to first produce it. It produces flakes of varying sizes (in powder form), which are considered natural Graphene, in volume. These readily have applications in polymer, paint, and lubricant production. There is also liquid-phase exfoliation, in which graphite is suspended in liquid and then exposed to high frequencies of sound to produce Graphene flakes.EpitaxyProducing Graphene through epitaxy (also known as chemical vapor deposition or CVD) involves heat treating a susbstrate, such as silicon carbide, nickel, copper or iridium in a gaseous atmosphere that reduces the substrate into Graphene. It produces a film of Graphene (considered synthetic Graphene), that is free of the impurities in natural Graphene, and lends itself readily to use as various electronic applications, and potentially even clothing. It is also the more expensive of the two methods.COMMERCIAL USAGE OF GRAPHENEFirms using GrapheneWhile Graphene i s still a relatively new material, many firms are racing to adopt it. These include, but are not limited to big name electronics brands, such as Samsung, IBM, Nokia, Google, SanDisk and Apple, who are looking for ways to incorporate it in their products. In 2013, a UK intellectual patent report noted that Samsung led all firms in Graphene-related patents with 405 worldwide. Given the growing market for the material graphite company Graftech International; deposition technology company Aixatron; UK-based Applied Graphene Technologies and more, are rapidly scaling up their research and production of Graphene to meet demand.Challenges of using GrapheneThe biggest challenge to the commercial usage of Graphene is the production cost. As of 2013, some vendors were charging as much as $60 per square inch, according to a recent Forbes article. This makes the integration of the material into electronics cost prohibitive. The manufacturing processes themselves are nascent, and, while they can reliably produce Graphene, they are in need of further refinement to bring the price point down. Another significant challenge is the fact that Graphene is such a good conductor that it cannot be switched off. It lacks what is known as a band-gap, which means that it cannot be adopted into electrical systems; however, recent research has seen promising developments addressing that problem.Projected growth of the Graphene marketHowever, most experts agree that Graphene has enormous upside potential. Not only are firms and universities racing to procure patents, but Graphene’s wide-range of potential applications ensure that demand will continue to grow. Research and Markets’ October 2013 “Global Graphene Market report” forecasts that the compound annual growth rate for Graphene is 60.4% over the period 2012 to 2016. This is driven primarily by massive RD expenditures from major firms like Samsung and IBM, as well as Graphene’s own attributes. In 2013, the European Union an nounced its plans to fund Graphene research that drives innovation and job growth over the next decade to the tune of €1 billion.CURRENT POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENEThe enthusiasm of corporate and academic researchers is understandable. Graphenes current and potential applications are astounding and could revolutionize many products, markets and fields. These include:MedicineApplications include the development of bioelectric sensors and bio imaging devices, drug and gene delivery, more effective powerful disinfectants, and DNA sequencing â€" pending safety and clinic trials, of course. Artificial implants are also being explored, that would be connected directly to your neural system, harnessing Graphene’s conductive properties. Graphene could also be used to produce more effective spinal surgical equipment.ComputingGraphene can be used to radically improve the processing power of computer chips. In January of 2014, IBM announced that they had created a Graphene chip 10, 000 times faster than standard chips. This was an analog chip, not a digital one, due to Graphene’s band gap. But future RD will likely bring us computers with Graphene â€"based CPUs that are more powerful than our current devices by several orders of magnitude, and that consume less energy.Electronics Graphene enthusiasts have long been touting Graphene’s potential to replace silicon in common electric circuitry but the band gap remains the challenge. However, Graphene’s transparency and flexibility will undoubtedly eventually transform the field of electronics. Scientists have been experimenting with quick charging batteries, high-quality headphones, flexible electronics, more capable photo-sensors, and virtually unbreakable touch screens, among other applications. The integration of Graphene into the field of optical electronics could lead to the eventual development of updatable e-paper, among other exciting new breakthroughs.Water purificationGraphene filters water and practically nothing else, making it perhaps the most effective water filtration material available. Lockheed Martin has a Graphene water filter in development, which they claim will reduce the energy costs of desalination plants by 99% but it is not yet on the market. Graphene production remains a challenge, but Graphene oxide, which is easier to produce, has similar water-related properties and is much easier and cheaper to produce. This could not only play a significant role in increasing the amount of potable drinking water worldwide (especially in developing countries), but could also have a tremendous effect on alcohol distillation methods.Waterproofing materialsWhile Graphene is an extremely efficient water filter, researchers at Vanderbilt University have found ways to apply it to other materials in ways that cause those materials to become either superabsorbent or super repellent. This has tremendous commercial potential when you consider waterproof materials, electronics, and buildings. Nokia is already working on developing a waterproof smartphone.Energy storageGraphene’s ability to conduct heat and electricity extremely effectively lend it to the development of more rapidly-charging batteries. Prototype Graphene smartphone batteries in development at UCLA and elsewhere cha rge fully in mere seconds. Graphene-based super capacitors are being explored for eventual usage in cellphones and other portable devices.Another application is in the production of more proficient photovoltaic cells, which could be used in clothing, and is of particular interest to firms developing wearable tech, such as Wearable Solar. Even the U.S. military is looking into photovoltaics to power military equipment in the field. As Graphene research and development continues, it will doubtlessly be integrated into commercial and military photovoltaic production.Other applicationsGraphene’s incorporation into other materials, such as paint, plastic, and polymer production, is being explored. A Grapheneâ€"based paint, applied to a device or a house for example, could conceivably also store solar energy, powering the device or home.Graphene’s strength and light weight lend themselves to the production of goods and parts typically utilizing plastics and polymers, such as car and p lane parts. Composites of Graphene plus plastics or polymers could be industry standards for everything from bikes to wind turbines in a few short years.Graphene is also being studied as a potential material for 3D printing. 3D printing is a type of additive manufacturing process in which printers can rapidly produce three dimensional objects from a digital file. This process has been used to print objects as simple as lampshades and as complex as one-story house. Image credits: Flickr | CORE-Materials under Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic.

Reading Swift A Modest Proposal - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 427 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Modest Proposal Essay Did you like this example? I think it will be of a proposal a person is giving to someone. I think that it will be satiric because if a proposal was modest, they wouldnt call it that, it would just be a proposal  Ã‚  The poor people are people in Ireland and because of the lack of work for the men, the women and their children have to beg in the streets. The author describes seeing mothers and their children begging in the streetsThe proposed solution is to kill babies between one and two years of age, and to feed them to the wealthy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reading Swift A Modest Proposal" essay for you Create order He make it seem serious with his hyperbole used. However, asking anyone to kill their children to make money is insane.  Ã‚   To nurse the child up one year of age, then between one into years, they would sell the child to prepare the meat and use the skin to make items such as boots and gloves like cattle or other livestock.  Ã‚  The authors friend, the American  The authors friend, the American, suggests raising teenagers instead. This idea wouldnt seem to hurt at all, but Swift brings up the point that the meat of teenagers would be too tough compared to that of the babies.   Reducing the number of Catholics, reducing the number of the poor and the burdens on their landowners (English), more food  Ã‚  There will be much less people in the kingdom and killing and eating babies  A reduction in the population was actually one of the goals, but its less people to live in misery and depend on the Irish  He dismisses ideas that have been proposed in the past calling them on realistic, making Irish women more moral  Ã‚  Mentioning his own family. He only has one child who was already eight years old and his wife is passed. He cannot benefit from his proposal financially; he is only concerned with the well-being of his country  Ã‚  Yes they were, but I wasnt expecting it to be this gruesome or extreme in the satire categoryContradicted in the way I didnt think it was going to be about eating/skinning babies  They all work together because all his reasonings make sense and tie together to themselves. He gives valid, but absurd reasons.  Ã‚  His overall tone is being ironic.  He uses sarcasm to develop his tone by making fun of peoples absurd proposals and using the understatement of the modest proposal of such a non-modest thing  He criticizes the rich and Catholics and the English. He hopes to bring change and bring attention to the problems they are going through.

Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglas, An American Slave

Throughout America’s history, we have committed some questionable and highly shunned acts: The Indian Removal Act, The Salem Witch Trials, racism, suffrage, and of course, slavery. Many people have opposing views concerning slavery. Some would even venture as far as saying that America never owned ANY slaves. However, historical evidence proves them wrong. Frederick Douglas was a slave during the 1800’s who ultimately escaped and became an Abolitionist and activist for equality for all people, no matter their race or gender. In his autobiography, Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglas, an American Slave, Douglas describes his life as a slave and the horrific acts he endured. America, a Concise History, by James Henretta, devotes a whole chapter to slavery and society. A few ideas from the two overlap, but there are many differentiating ideas about slavery in the south. One of the few views they shared was that the more slaves a person owned, the more esteemed they were in society. Douglas discusses how slave owners and overseers would impregnate their female slaves just so the child would also be born into slavery, hence, more slaves to work the plantation. â€Å"†¦ That slaveholders have ordained, and by the law established, that the children of slave women shall in all cases follow the condition of their mothers; and this is done too obviously to administer to their own lusts, and make a gratification of their own wicked desires profitable as well as pleasurable†¦Ã¢â‚¬  TheShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglas An American Slave1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe book Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglas an American slave, is showing a highway map, displaying the road to how the slavery went to freedom. Douglas at the opening of the book was a slave in both his body and mind. Then at the end good things happened to him, he gets legal freedom and frees his mind. The events in the book are good points in Frederick’s life, in the book it explains how he get there, and what he had to do and learn along the road. Where it first starts is Douglas realizesRead MoreA Slave’S Awakening . . . Yifan Lin. . . . History 1301.1085 Words   |  5 Pages History 1301 Nicholas Cox May 4th ,2017 Fredrick Douglas, a black slave, wrote the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, an American Slave. The autobiography not only reveals the cruel nature of slavery but also discusses the issue of how slavery was maintained for such long time. Douglas enlightened us about the idea of that: knowledge is power, knowledge changes fate, and â€Å"it is the only access to freedom†. Frederick Douglas from (1817-1895), was one of the most prominent black leadersRead MoreJacobs Douglass: An Insight Into The Experience of The American Slave1019 Words   |  5 PagesThe slave narratives of the ante-bellum time period have come across numerous types of themes. Much of the work concentrates on the underlining ideas beneath the stories. In the narratives, fugitives and ex-slaves appealed to the humanity they shared with their readers during these times, men being lynched and marked all over and women being the subject of grueling rapes. The slave narrative of Frederick Douglas and Harriet Jacobs: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl themes come from the existenceRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave916 Words   |  4 Pages Narrative of The Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave In Fredrick Douglass’s a narrative, Narrative of The Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave, he narrates an account of his experiences in the dehumanizing institution of slavery. This American institution was strategically formatted to quench any resemblance of human dignity. Throughout, the narration of his life Fredrick Douglas, meticulously illustrates the methodical process that contributed to the perpetual state of slaveryRead MoreThe View from the Bottom Rail Essay703 Words   |  3 Pagesstereotyping occur in every aspect of life. No one should ever take anything for face value before they examine it first.  In reading the narrative, â€Å"The View from the Bottom Rail† by James Davidson and Mark Lytle and â€Å"Frederick Douglasss Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas† by Harold Bloom. I became very aware on how American history can be looked at as one sided or bias. Even in today’s society, there is still a lot of biasness presente d in American history that is told when it is relatedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1492 Words   |  6 Pages There are various major themes in â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†. One of the most prominent themes in the book is inequality. The theme is dominant due to its real values in the institution of slavery. The theme not only regularly appears in the narrative but is in so many ways interconnected with other themes such as education. Inequality is the most dominant in the narrative. Douglass attempts to reveal how the African American slaves are just like their white counterparts despiteRead MoreDouglas vs Stowe1650 Words   |  7 Pagescomplicated social quandary that incorporated individual, societal, political, economic, and religious principles. Its authorship includes Frederick Douglass and Harriet Beecher Stowe who dually challenges the legitimacy of slavery in their literature. While both Harriet Beecher Stowe’s â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin,† and Frederick Douglas’s â€Å"Narrative of the Life of an American Slave,† offe r impelling accounts, regarding the historical slavery era throughout the 1800s, the two authors write from distinctive experiencesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreAnalysis Of A Slave Narrative By Frederick Douglass1646 Words   |  7 PagesWithin a slave narrative, the identity of the writer greatly affects the perspective of the story and the message that the author wishes to convey. For a narrative of this nature, to send its meaning directly and efficiently it must be able to illustrate the individual struggle of the writer as well as create a clear line between what it means to be a slave and what it means to be free. These identities of the author not only conflict with the image of self but also help to illuminate the strugglesRead MoreEssay on Slavery and the Power of Rhetoric to Effect Social Change1250 Words   |  5 Pagesat least one dirty little time in their history that all would rather forget. America knows this feeling well, especially within the 19th century, the slave era. America was divided, the North was generally against slavery and all for letting the African Americans r oam free in a colony in Africa. The South on the other hand viewed African Americans as tools, essential to the economy and work, however still just tools. Tools to be bought a sold and driven until the breaking point just like every other

Top Ten Bsc Mistakes Free Essays

Lack of focus: Too many people, too many objectives, too many metrics, and too many scorecards When it comes to scorecards, less is more. Too often, beginners start out with too many people, too many objectives, too many metrics, and too many scorecards. When an organization tries to juggle too many things, It Inevitably cannot deliver on all of them. We will write a custom essay sample on Top Ten Bsc Mistakes or any similar topic only for you Order Now When too many people are involved, the process slows to a crawl. Often these groups wind up with too many objectives because they cannot reach consensus on a few key ones. This kind of confusion obscures clear lines of accountability and discourages employees. Therefore, err on the side of less at the beginning. Weed out objectives by asking yourself tough questions: can you realistically manage all the objectives on your list? Are they complementary or conflicting? What is the impact of not doing them? Do they really matter? Similarly, less is more when it comes to teams. When starting a BBS process, don’t involve so many people that It becomes unwieldy or political. Limit it to a few people who know what they’re doing and who have executive support and the authority to make the appropriate changes. They should have a broad understanding of the organization and good people skills so that they can inspire there. Rather than holding big meetings, assign team members to work individually with other players or business units to tackle specific questions and then present their findings to the group. 2. Biting off more than you can chew As we mentioned, organizations often try to do too much too fast?the classic â€Å"biting off more than you can chew’ phenomenon. They get excited about the BBS and become enamored with the idea that it can instantly address all their top priorities across the organization. If they dream too big, they will become frustrated by the reality of putting these things n motion. Instead, they should begin with small-scale projects so that they can learn the ropes and work out the inevitable bugs. For example, an organization might do a one-year pilot with Its leadership team. It’s impossible to know whether you have the right metrics and initiatives until you have lived with them for a while. The pursuit of perfection?an admirable trait in many respects?can also undermine the value of the BBS. The BBS is an effort in ongoing process improvement, not some elusive end state where everything Is done correctly. In order to make progress, we eave to free ourselves from the onus of trying to be perfect. As Voltaire said, â€Å"The perfect Is enemy of the good. † Better Instead try to embrace the Idea of a â€Å"Zen flaw†? the tradition of some craftsmen of putting a deliberate imperfection in their work to free themselves from the burden of perfectionism. . Failing to set clear and realistic milestones Another classic mistake Is falling to establish clear benchmarks of direction and making appropriate progress. Without them, it’s too easy to become bogged down or lost in a new, unfamiliar process. If you’re not sure what’s realistic, look for external benchmarks. How can you improve your standing versus your competitors? How can you increase m arket share? Compare yourself to the top players in your industry and ask yourself how you might overtake them. 4. Adopting initiatives without formal methodology for execution The odds of success are greatest when carefully chosen initiatives are matched with carefully planned execution. The gap between strategy and execution remains a formidable barrier for many companies. According to the Harvard Business Review, the average company realizes only 60 percent of the financial performance promised by their strategy. There are many reasons for this, including employees not understanding their roles, lack of clear accountability, and lack of empowerment to make decisions. How to close the execution gap? In a nutshell, there are three key steps: actions should be tied to specific objectives; they must be funded and given adequate resources, and they must be monitored. Without good execution, even the best strategy remains Just an abstract idea. 5. Failing to integrate the scorecard into daily work The BBS should not be a standalone exercise. This runs contrary to its purpose?and squanders the potential benefits. The BBS must become part and parcel of the routine work of the organization. It should be a centerpiece or hub that brings together many initiatives. If you treat it as an isolated exercise, you miss the opportunity for cross-fertilization and making other projects more successful. 6. Poor leadership and communication Sometimes BBS initiatives die by neglect because they lack commitment from top leadership. Without a clear mandate from the top, the balanced scorecard is unlikely to deliver its full benefits. Top leadership must empower their strategy teams. Leaders can’t Just delegate the BBS to a low belonging group and forget about it. The organization must see that the top leaders have embraced the initiative and are determined to see it through. Otherwise, people may dismiss it as Just another halfhearted initiative and cling to old habits. Leaders can show support by attending strategy meetings, being seen alongside the strategy team, and making public statements of support. Another common leadership mistake is failing to effectively communicate the BBS to the organization. If people don’t understand what’s different or important about this initiative, they won’t do the work to carry it out. Organizations should make a habit of communicating the objectives and results to employees on a regular basis. Some organizations assume that commitment from senior executives automatically meaner that the entire organization is engaged. This does not happen by itself. For example, BBS lingo may sound like empty Jargon to line level employees. Organizations must translate the initiatives into terms employees can understand. Leadership is important, but organizations should avoid making the BBS a top-down exercise. It’s not a matter of issuing edicts and expecting employees to comply. It’s a matter of exercising strong leadership and inspiring the organization to follow. 7. Business as usual mindset When implementing the BBS for the first time, organizations must change fundamental habits?and this cannot be done with a business as usual achieved without changing the way day-to-day operations are performed. Rather, they require conscious effort because they force us to adopt new habits and new ways of working and thinking. Changing habits is hard?that’s why so many New Year’s resolutions fail. Too often, organizations try to hit new performance targets with the same business as usual attitude. Doing more of the same slightly better will not produce significantly new or better results. New targets require new initiatives, strong leadership, and relentless execution. 8. Climate of defensiveness and mistrust Too often, BBS and performance management initiatives are portrayed as an Orwellian tool to keep tabs on employees and identify underperformed. Some organizations roll out balanced scorecards and performance management as accountability programs. As a result, employees begin to feel Judged, micromanaged, and anxious. Big Brother is watching. Accountability is important, but it shouldn’t be the overarching message. Instead, organizations should emphasize that these tools help employees and the entire organization to become more successful. Use these tools to share best practices and celebrate people who do things right. Let’s say your shipping department comes up with a new best practice for dealing with the holiday rush. You can honor the innovators and share their learning’s with the rest of the organization. If you see these tools solely in terms of accountability, you miss the opportunity to inform and inspire your employees. 9. Poor performance data Poor data undermines the entire purpose of the balanced scorecard. In many respects, Kips can be one of the most difficult aspects of the BBS. In general, Kips are a good indicator of the health of your balanced scorecard infrastructure. If you have problems determining the score of more than one KIP, it might be an indication that your method of selecting them is not up to par. Perhaps they were chosen from a library without much thought about the ground-level realities of what it takes to collect the data to determine their measurement. Organizations spend an immense amount of time putting together their scorecards. All that work can go to waste if they don’t keep good performance data. 0. Failing to adapt the BBS to the organization The BBS must be adapted to the organization. There is no universal, one-size-fits-all template. The needs of a large international manufacturing company are very different from those of a small local government agency. If your BBS approach is not tailored to your local circumstances, it will become a straitjacket that inhibits the organization. Adapting the BBS to the organization is an ongoing process. It often comes through experience. How do we get there? As we saw above, it’s a matter of focusing on a handful of key objectives, tarring small, exercising good leadership, and practicing disciplined execution. By carefully monitoring and adapting, organizations can discover a system that works in their particular circumstances. It’s an iterative process of following proven principles, experimentation, and trial and error?yes, we all make mistakes. [Stephanie Busbies is an author and Group Vice President of Solution Marketing, Enterprise Performance Management and Governance Risk and Compliance with SAP. As an XP Strategic Partner, SAP is contributing thought leadership and research How to cite Top Ten Bsc Mistakes, Papers

Sample Case Brief Essay Example

Sample Case Brief Paper Kathryn Myrick Business Law 1 Professor McDonnell Case Brief A. 5 Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine Inc. , 968 F. 2d 1110 (11th Cir. 1992) FACTS:In 1985 Michael Savage placed an ad in the Soldier of Fortune Magazine (â€Å"SOF†) advertising â€Å"Gun For Hire†. The ad ran from June 1985 to March 1986 generating an average of 30-40 call per week for jobs ranging from murder, kidnapping, assault and other criminal activity. After three previous failed attempts on his business partner Richard Braun’s life by Bruce Gastwirth , he contacted and hired Savage to commit the murder of Braun. Savage along with associates John Moore and Sean Doutre went to Braun’s home to carry out the act shot and killed Braun in front of his sixteen year old son Michael Braun who was also shot and wounded by the assailants. Michael and Ian Braun filed a lawsuit against â€Å"SOF† magazine alleging negligence. ISSUE(S): (1) Did Soldier of Fortune Magazine negligently advertised the ad breaching the duty of care? 2) Did SOF Magazine know of the potential risks by placing the ad in the magazine? (3) Did the ad contribute to the proximate cause of the murder of Richard Braun? HOLDING: The district court’s assertion that the publisher is liable for damages and negligently placed an advertisement that was apparent for substantial danger and potentially harmful to the public. The trial court’s langu age of the advertisement was the proximate cause of Braun’s injuries that he sustained. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Case Brief specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Case Brief specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Case Brief specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer RULE OF LAW: To prevail in an action for negligence in Georgia a party must establish the following elements: (1) Legal duty to conform to a standard of conduct raised by the law for the protection of others against unreasonable risks of harm. (2) A breach of this standard. (3) A legally attributable causal connection between the conduct and the resulting injury (4) Some loss or damage flowing to the Plaintiff’s legally protected interest as a result of the alleged breach of the legal duty. CONCLUSION: The court AFFIRMS the district court’s judgment.

Social Sciense

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The Benefits of a Post-Graduate Year

The Benefits of a Post-Graduate Year Did you know that each year, a number of high school graduates opt to spend another year at high school? A private high school to be exact, and the enroll in a program known as the post-graduate year, or PG year. Over 150 schools worldwide offer postgraduate programs. Admissions standards vary as do the objectives of the postgraduate programs themselves. It probably makes a certain amount of sense to have a student stay on at his old school for the postgraduate year. If he wants to attend another school, he may find the  admissions process  almost as intimidating as applying to be a first-year student. On the other hand, admissions to a post-grad year at his old school will be a mere formality. Postgraduate years are particularly useful for boys who want an extra year to mature before moving on. The postgraduate year gives young men that little extra confidence which they might lack at the end of 12th grade. A  PG or postgraduate year  is a popular option for many students. Personal Growth/Maturity A post graduate year gives students some extra time to strengthen academic skills, to participate in sports and to prepare for college admissions testing. For many students, it also gives them a little extra time to mature. Not every student is ready for the independent lifestyle at college, nor are they always prepare to live on their own for the first time. A post-graduate year at a boarding school gives students a chance to get used to an independent lifestyle in a supportive and nurturing environment. It can be a great stepping stone to prepare a student for college. Improve College Admissions Chances Many students choose to do a post-graduate year to improve their chances for admission to a particular college. College admissions can be fiercely competitive. If a student has his heart set on getting into a certain college, he may, in fact, be better off waiting out a year in the hopes that his application might be more favorably received. Most private schools offer experienced college counselors to help with the admission process and guide students to craft a personal path to excellence.   Perfect Athletic Skills Other students want to take a year before heading off to college to perfect their athletic skills. From a chance to play on a top team and get noticed by college sports recruiters to strength training and agility preparation, a post graduate year can really give students a leg up on their competition, and get a student noticed by scouts who can get them into top schools. And, many elite athletes earn college scholarships, and a post graduate year can make a student a more desirable candidate.   Schools That Offer a PG Year There is only one school which offers a PG program exclusively. Thats Bridgton Academy in North Bridgton, Maine. All the other schools on the list below offer their PG year as a kind of 13th grade if you will. Here are some schools which offer PG programs: Avon Old Farms School, Avon, CTBlair Academy, Blairstown, NJBrenau Academy, Gainesville, GABrewster Academy, Wolfeboro, NHBridgton Academy, North Bridgton, MECamden Military Academy, Camden, SCCanterbury School, New Milford, CTChapel Hill-Chauncy Hall, Waltham, MACheshire Academy, Cheshire, CTChoate Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTChristchurch School, Christchurch, VACulver Academies, Culver, INCushing Academy, Ashburnham, MADarlington School, Rome, GADarrow School, New Lebanon, NYDeerfield Academy, Deerfield, MAEmma Willard School, Troy, NYEthel Walker School, Simsbury, CTFlorida Air Academy, Melbourne, FLFork Union Military Academy, Fork Union, VAThe Forman School, Litchfield, CTFryeburg Academy, Fryeburg, MEGould Academy, Bethel, METhe Gow School, South Wales, NYGrand River Academy, Austinburg, OHGrier School, Tyrone, PAThe Gunnery, Washington, CTHargrave Military Academy, Chatham, VAHebron Academy, Hebron, MEHill School, Pottstown, PAHoosac School, Hoosick, NYHotchkiss School, Lake ville, CT The Hun School of Princeton, Princeton, NJIdyllwild Arts Academy, Idyllwild, CAIndian Springs School, Indian Springs, ALKents Hill School, Kents Hill, MEKimball Union Academy, Meriden, NHThe Kiski School, Saltsburg, PALake Forest Academy, Lake Forest, ILThe Leelanau School, Glen Arbor, MILeysin American School, Leysin, SwitzerlandLinden Hall School, Lititz, PALoomis Chaffee School, Windsor, CTMarine Military Academy, Harlingen, TXMercersburg Academy, Mercersburg, PAMiller School, Charlottesville, VAMissouri Military Academy, Mexico, MOMontverde Academy, Monteverde, FLNew Hampton School, New Hampton, NHNorthfield Mount Hermon School, Northfield, MAOldfields School, Glencoe, MDOrme School, Mayer, AZThe Peddie School, Hightstown, NJPerkiomen School, Pennsburg, PAThe Phelps School, Malvern, PAPhillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, NHPomfret School, Pomfret, CTRandolph-Macon Academy, Front Royal, VASaint Johns Preparatory School, Collegeville, MNSt. Timothys School, Stevenson, MDSouth Kent Scho ol, South Kent, CT Stoneleigh-Burnham School, Greenfield, MASuffield Academy, Suffield, CTThomas Jefferson School, Saint Louis, MOTilton School, Tilton, NHVerde Valley School, Sedona, AZWasatch Academy, Mt. Pleasant, UTWayland Academy, Beaver Dam, WIThe Webb School, Bell Buckle, TNWentworth Military Academy, Lexington, MOWest Nottingham Academy, Colora, MDWestern Reserve Academy, Hudson, OHWestminster School, Simsbury, CTThe White Mountain School, Bethlehem, NHWilbraham and Monson Academy, Wilbraham, MAWilliston Northampton School, Easthampton, MAThe Winchendon School, Winchendon, MAWyoming Seminary Upper School, Kingston, PA Article edited by Stacy Jagodowski